Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources from February 21, 2006 until February 9, 2013, Syrian Arab Republic. He held many positions, including: expert in the energy department at the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) between 2004 and 2006, expert at the State Planning Authority between 2004 and 2005, assistant minister of electricity between 1984 and 2004, and engineer in the Prime Minister’s Office for Energy Affairs between 1983 and 1984, and an engineer at the “ Ministry of Water Resources ” (formerly the “Ministry of Irrigation”) between 1980 and 1983, and director of facility investment at the “ General Corporation for the Euphrates Dam ” between 1967 and 1980, and an engineer at the “ Syrian Telecommunications Company ” between 1966 and 1967. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering in 1966 from the University of Aleppo .